HAMKA ILYAS; ABD. BASHIR FATMAL; LA ODE ISMAIL AHMAD. Digital Jihad in Qur’anic Perspective: An Islamic Response to the Challenges of Cyberspace in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI). QOF, Indonesia, v. 9, n. 2, p. 189–206, 2025. DOI: 10.30762/qof.v9i2.3091. Disponível em: http://103.134.17.251/qof/article/view/3091. Acesso em: 1 july. 2026.